How to reformat a personal computer

STEPS TO REFORMAT A PERSONAL COMPUTER

1.Start you PC and press key F2,F12 pr delete key (Depend on your PC model)

YOUR PC BIOS setting will be displayed.

Find boot menu.In boot device priority select CD-ROM as first boot device.

2.Your PC will boot from CD and windows Installation will start.Press enter at this screen.

3.Accept License agreement by pressing F8 key.

4.Delete the partitions.

5.Create the partitions.

6.Define the size of partitions.

7.Now select your desired partitions for installation of 

Windows XP ad press enter.

8.Choose to format the partitions.Choose NTFS file system quick.

9.Setup will format the partitions.

10.After formatting,setup will start copying files on the hard disk.

11.After copying of files,setup will start installing Windows.

12.Select desired language and regional settings,when prompted by setup.

13.Enter windows key. 

14.Type a name of your computer.

15.Select time and date settings and time zone according to your country.

16.Provide network settings for networking PC's or select typical settings and press enter.

17.Setup will install devices and register components.

18.After completion setup will do a cleanup of files and will restart you PC automatically.At this stage you can remove CD

 SOURCE: https://www.whitecanyon.com/articles/how-to-format-computer

How to share file and printer in a computer network

Sharing file on Network (server)

1. Replace the file inside the folder
2. Right click the folder
3. Click properties
4. Click sharing
5. Click share this folder on network
6. Click apply
7. and lastly click OK

Checking the file (client)

1. Click start button
2. Click run 
3. Then type \\ [IP address of the server]

Sharing printer on a Network (address)

1. Click control panel
2. Click add printer
3. Right click printer
4. Click sharing
5. Click share this printer
6. Click apply 
7. Click OK

Connecting printer on a Network (client)

1. Click run 
2. Then type \\ [IP Address of server]
3. Double click Printer and Faxes
4. Right click printer
5. Click connect

What is a network address

What is a Network Address?

A network address is also known as the numerical network part of an IP address. This is used to distinguish a network that has its own hosts and addresses. For example, in the IP address 192.168.1.0, the network address is192.168.1.
https://www.techopedia.com/definition/20969/network-address

Examples of Network IP Address

The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) reserves the following IP address blocks for use as private IP addresses:

• 10.0.0.0 to 10.255.255.255.
• 172.16.0.0 to 172.31.255.255.
• 192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.255.

Source:

The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) reserves the following IP address blocks for use as private IP addresses: 10.0.0.0 to 10.255.255.255. 172.16.0.0 to 172.31.255.255. 192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.255.

IP Versions :

IPv4 - Internet Protocol Version 4 

Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) is the fourth version of the Internet Protocol (IP). It is one of the core protocols of standards-based internetworking methods in the Internet, and was the first version deployed for production in the ARPANET in 1983. It still routes most Internet traffic today,^[1] despite the ongoing deployment of a successor protocol, IPv6. IPv4 is described inIETF publication RFC 791 (September 1981), replacing an earlier definition (RFC 760, January 1980).

source:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPv4

IPv6 - Internet Protocol Version 6 

Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) is the most recent version of the Internet Protocol (IP), the communications protocol that provides an identification and location system for computers on networks and routes traffic across the Internet. IPv6 was developed by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) to deal with the long-anticipated problem of IPv4 address exhaustion. IPv6 is intended to replace IPv4.^[1] IPv6 became a Draft Standard in December 1998, and became an Internet Standard on 14 July 2017.^[2]

source:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPv6

HOW TO GET BINARY DIGIT/ HOW TO MAKE NETWORK ADDRESS?

*BINARY DIGIT HAS A TOTAL OF 255

Classes of IP Address :

Class	Address range	Supports
Class A	1.0.0.1 to 126.255.255.254	Supports 16 million hosts on each of 127 networks.
Class B	128.1.0.1 to 191.255.255.254	Supports 65,000 hosts on each of 16,000 networks.
Class C	192.0.1.1 to 223.255.254.254	Supports 254 hosts on each of 2 million networks.
Class D	224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255	Reserved for multicast groups.
Class E	240.0.0.0 to 254.255.255.254	Reserved for future use, or research and development purposes.

source:

https://www.computerhope.com/jargon/i/ip.htm

Steps on how to create an IP address:

1. right click network places
2. click properties
3. right click local area connection
4. click properties
5. click TCP/IP
6. click properties
7. click OK

1. Steps on how to configure your IP Address:           
2. 
   
   
3. click start button
4. click run
5. type cmd
6. type ipconfig
7. type ping [IP address]

source: https://www.google.com/search?biw=1440&bih=755&tbm=isch&sa=1&ei=TtI_XOKNF66h-Qaq5oKIAg&q=how+to+configure+an+ip+address&oq=how+to+configure+an+ip+address&gs_l=img.3...165573.169242..169418...1.0..0.797.3571.0j3j4j0j2j1j1......1....1..gws-wiz-img.......0i7i30j0i24.kGJqfeyD174#imgrc=26qbuTtEuJXCwM:

What are the types of cable

The types of cable

 A. Twisted Pair.

a cable consisting of two wires twisted around each other, used especially for telephone or computer applications.

a. STP ( Shielded Twisted Pair ) -  Shielded twisted pair (STP) cable was originally designed by IBM for token ring networks that include two individual wires covered with a foil shielding, which prevents electromagnetic interference, thereby transporting data faster. 

b. UTP ( Unshielded Twisted Pair ) Unshielded twisted pair (UTP) cables are widely used in the computer and telecommunications industry as Ethernet cables and telephone wires. In an UTP cable, conductors which form a single circuit are twisted around each other in order to cancel out electromagnetic interference (EMI) from external sources.

B. Coaxial

 Coaxial cable is a type of copper cable specially built with a metal shield and other components engineered to block signal interference. It is primarily used by cable TV companies to connect their satellite antenna facilities to customer homes and businesses. It is also sometimes used by telephone companies to connect central offices to telephone poles near customers. Some homes and offices use coaxial cable, too, but its widespread use as an Ethernet connectivity medium in enterprises and data centers has been supplanted by the deployment of twisted pair cabling.

C. Fiber Optic

 Fiber optic cable is a high-speed data transmission medium. It contains tiny glass or plastic filaments that carry light beams. Digital data is transmitted through the cable via rapid pulses of light.

 Straight Through Cable

A straight through cable is a type of twisted pair cable that is used in local area networks to connect a computer to a network hub such as a router. This type of cable is also sometimes called a patch cable and is an alternative to wireless connections where one or more computers access a router through a wireless signal. On a straight through cable, the wired pins match. Straight through cable use one wiring standard: both ends use T568A wiring standard or both ends use T568B wiring standard. The following figure shows a straight through cable of which both ends are wired as the T568B standard.

Crossover Cable

An  Ethernet crossover cable is a type of Ethernet cable used to connect computing devices together directly. Unlike straight through cable, crossover cables use two different wiring standards: one end uses the T568A wiring standard, and the other end uses the T568B wiring standard. The internal wiring of Ethernet crossover cables reverses the transmit and receive signals. It is most often used to connect two devices of the same type: e.g. two computers (via network interface controller) or two switches to each other.

 

Source: /https://www.systemswire.com/electrical-cable-types/https://www.systemswire.com/electrical-cable-types/

lhttps://www.webopedia.com/TERM/S/shielded_twisted_pair.html

https://www.techopedia.com/definition/13454/unshielded-twisted-pair-cable-utp